The precious commodity water

ScienceDaily (Sept. 10, 2010) - water is a valuable resource that is why the Fraunhofer Alliance SysWasser demonstrates how we can extract precious drinking water from the air, discover a leak in pipeline systems and even effectively clean sanitation at the IFAT Entsorga fair (September 13-17 in Munich).

As the General of Assembly on 28 July this year clean drinking water and basic sanitation are resolved Menschenrechte.Leider there is more than a billion people around the world have no access to drinking water, while more than 2.6 billion people without sanitary systems at all life - this is more than a third of the world population.

Not only that water is an outstanding economic factor because agriculture and industry consume more than four-fifths of this precious commodity these days.A United Nations study indicates that in future water importantly policy.this because strategically than oil, why 14 Fraunhofer institutes in the Fraunhofer Alliance SysWasser to use come together with sustainable water system technologies be unveiling "Research for tomorrow's water use" in Hall A4, stand 302 201 the IFAT Entsorga fair.

Drinking water from the air

Drinking water can extract be from moisture in the air, even in the desert or in the Middle a megacity which is a technology developed by Fraunhofer required.the possible principle behind a saline solution, a tower-shaped system runs and absorbs water from the air. The hygroscopic brine is then pumped into a tank that stands a few meters tall and contains a vacuum.Then energy from solar panels condenses the brine is heated and verdunsteten salt free water brine is about a distillation Brücke.Die focused again and flows on the surface of the tower to absorb moisture in the air.

This process is based exclusively on renewable energy sources such as simple solar collectors and photovoltaic cells, which means that this method is totally energy self-sufficient. This means that it in areas functions where there no electrical infrastructure. This process is particularly suitable for the production of drinking water in arid and semi-arid areas where more water evaporates as precipitation falls.

Managing drinking water systems

How can we work best drinking water supply systems?There are leaks in the line system? HydroDyn management solution developed the researchers at the Fraunhofer together with drinking water suppliers, answers to these questions to give first of all, that collects drinking water system and modeled in the computer because that is the best way to find the optimal operational regime for these systems, or plan, such as schemes to extend over, the system can automatically locate leaks. This is the reason why this solution already in Mongolia, Libya and Saudi Arabia and at the Faculty is used for plants in several German cities.

Tracking down leaks

"There is a specific part of our precious water that gets to the consumer because of the leaking pipes and rust and instead it seeps into the ground unused.""Intelligent" probes that are check lines indoor track one of the ways Schaden.Risse or damage due to corrosion in the pipes can be localized with long-range ultrasonic waves, and these systems are ideal for fresh water and waste water pipes as well as for pipelines.

Diamonds clean wastewater

Diamond coated electrodes make it possible clean water without Chemie.Die idea is that hydroxyl radical in the water on electrodes coated with conductive diamonds formed rights.the highly effective oxidizing agents destroyed all substances that contain carbon, i.e. the organic pollution load of solvents to bacteria and pesticides.The only things that remain are harmless salts and carbon dioxide as gases to escape.This is how we can produce germ-free water without any problems.Researchers will demonstrate how this technique on your exhibition stand am Beispiel textile dye indigo Carmine works because the discolored water color in an electrochemical cell with diamond electrodes can be easily removed.

Money saving disposal

Heavy metals, cyanide salts, solvents and complex chemical connections-has eliminated heavily polluted waste water from the metallurgical or pressure constantly as hazardous waste in a costly process sending problem is the fact that pollution is strongly diluted with the share of water, sometimes as less than 90% and still mehr.Das makes it very expensive to entsorgen.Dies is why scientists at the Fraunhofer modular vacuum evaporation process have developed a low cost, where wastewater thickened in a vacuum at temperatures can waste water approx. 40 °-50 ° c required.the easily heats with waste or solar heat and desalinized water can be reused in the production.

More biogas from sewage sludge

More than 10,000 wastewater treatment plants clean the contaminated water from households, factories and restaurants in Deutschland.Das is clean water again in the rivers and Lakes released, and is the only thing that remains the use of Kl?rschlamm.Forscher at the Fraunhofer have engaged in a process to reduce the size and the mass of sewage sludge with a part of sludge with ultrasound and then mechanically zerfiel.Die deliver residues are processed in this way more biogas, which means that you are more easily drained can. this new process has been applied successfully to sewage treatment plants.

These and other solutions for sustainable water supply to your booth are researchers at the Fraunhofer werden.In presents addition the Fraunhofer water systems Alliance "Research for tomorrow's water use" in a seminar 4 pm presented September 16 in the Forum Hall B1.

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The reports contain global investments and other trends in green energy

ScienceDaily (July 15, 2010) – in 2009 for the second year in a row, both in the US and Europe added makes more capacity from renewable energy sources like wind and solar, as conventional sources such as coal, gas and nuclear, according to twin reports today by the programme of the United Nations and the renewable energy policy network for the 21st century (REN21) in life launched.

Renewable energy accounted for 60 percent of newly installed capacity in Europe and more than 50 percent in the United States in the year 2009.Dieses year or next, experts predict that will add more capacity of electricity supply from renewable as non-renewable sources world as a whole.

Reports contain attracted the attention of investors and Governments in various regions of the world trends in the global green energy sector including what sources.

You say, investments in core clean energy (new renewables, biofuels and energy efficiency) decreased by 7% in the year 2009, US Dollar.Viele sub-sectors, dropped 162 billion invested in the money, including large utility scale solar power and biofuels.However, there was record investment in Windenergie.Wenn for solar water heaters spend, as well as total installation costs for roof solar PV, total has actually increased investments in 2009 in 2009, against the economic trend.

New private and public investment in clean energy core 53 percent in China jumped 37 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity in the year 2009.China added, more than any other country.

Globally, nearly 80 GW of renewable energy capacity has been added including 31 GW of hydropower and 48 GW non - hydro - capacity.

2009 China surpassed the United States as the country with the largest investments in clean energy.China's wind farm development was the strongest investment feature of the year by far although it makes other areas of strength, worldwide in 2009, in particular North Sea offshore wind investment and finance storage and electric vehicle technology companies.

Wind energy and solar PV additions to reach record high of 38 GW and 7 GW respectively.Totals in utility-scale solar PV sunk investments compared with 2008, partly as a result of the big drop in the cost of solar PV.Dieser was investment in small decline by record (roof) - compensated solar PV projects.

The reports also show that countries with policies promoting heute-- half - of which have doubled renewable energy from 55 in 2005 more than 100 in the Entwicklungsl?ndern-and rapid growth of the sector have played a critical role.

Reports the sister UNEP's global trends in sustainable energy investment 2010 and the REN21's renewables 2010 global status report, published by Under-Secretary-General Achim Steiner, UNEP's Executive Director and Mohamed El-Ashry, Chairman of the REN21.The UNEP report was London Bloomberg new energy finance vorbereitet.Der REN21 report produced by a team of authors in collaboration with a global network of research partners.

The UNEP report focuses itself on the global trends in sustainable energy investment, cover, the renewable energy and energy efficiency. REN21 report offers a broad look at the status of renewable energy, which today worldwide power regeneration, heating and cooling and transport fuels, and draws the landscape of policies and objectives introduced around the world to promote renewable energy.

Mr Steiner says: "the sustainable energy investment story of 2009 was one of resistance, frustration and determination. resistance to the financial downturn of all sectors of the global economy and frustration during the UN Climate Convention meeting in Copenhagen was not the major breakdown that could have occurred, neither it was meeting was was the big break which gave so many erhofft.Noch determination to transform many industry actors and Governments, especially in emerging markets, the financial and economic crisis into an opportunity for greener growth."

"It remains however a serious gap between the ambition and science where the world in 2020 must be dangerous climate change to vermeiden.Aber underlining these five years of research that this gap is not irreconcilable ist.In of fact, renewable energy systematically and persistently against the trends and can play its role in implementing a carbon resource efficient green economy when increasingly difficult market sends Government policy signals to investors," he added.

Mr El-Ashry says: "favorable policies, the now in more than 100 countries have policy efforts are needed instrumental in the renewable energy before recently played. the upward trend of renewables continue growth power of the global now to the next level and promote massive renewable technologies."

Michael Liebreich, Chief Executive of Bloomberg new energy finance says: "during the current economic downturn shows relatively robust performance of the sector, no bubble was clean energy created by the late stages of the credit boom, but instead is an investment theme that will remain important for the coming years."

2009 Represented renewable sources:

25 Percent of the global power (electricity) capacity (1,230 gigawatts (GW) of 4,800 GW-total, all sources, including coal, gas, nuclear) 18 percent of the global makes production60 percent of newly installed makes capacity in Europe and more than 50 percent in the United States; the world as a whole should 50 percent or more in the newly installed makes capacity from renewable energy sources to reach in 2010 or 2011.

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To force non-matching items together, yield better solar cells

ScienceDaily (Sept. 8, 2010) - in what could be a step of to higher efficiency solar cells, an international team to explain the most common model the behavior of a unique class of materials, including the University of Michigan professors that high matching alloy gave invalid.

High mismatched alloys that are combinations of elements, which of course is mixed with conventional crystal growth Techniken.Professor Rachel Goldman compares you to some extent to homogenized milk, still in an experimental stage of development where the high fat cream and low-fat milk, which of course would separate are forced together to mix at high pressure.

Researchers are new methods, such as "molecular beam epitaxy" mix to combine this disparate elements.The results, Goldman says, are more dramatic than smooth milk.

"" Not matching High alloys have very unusual properties,"Goldman said.""You can add an item to only a pinch and drastically change the electrical and optical properties of the alloy."

Goldman is Professor in the departments of physics, materials science and engineering.Other U-M physicists and engineers and researchers from Tyndall National Institute in Ireland include your team.

Solar cells convert energy from the sun into electricity by absorbing light. However, different materials absorb light at different Wellenl?ngen.Die most efficient solar cells consist of several materials that can capture a larger part of electromagnetic radiation in sunlight.The best solar cells are today still missing a material that can make use of the infrared light from the Sun.

Goldman's team of samples of gallium arsenide nitride, insufficiently used a high not matching alloy which is peppered with nitrogen, which can tap into the infrared radiation.

The researchers to the molecular beam epitaxy coax-includes the nitrogen with your other elements to mischen.Molekularstrahlepitaxie evaporate pure examples of non-matching items and combined in a vacuum.

Next, measured convert researchers of the alloy's ability to heat into electricity.You wanted to determine, whether its 10 parts per million of nitrogen were as individual atoms or as cluster verteilt.Sie found out that in some cases grouped the nitrogen atoms what the prevailing had in contrast to the "Anti crossing Band" model predicted.

"" We have shown experimentally, the band anti-crossing model is too simple to explain the electronic properties of high mismatched alloys,"said Goldman.""It is not quantitative more their exceptional optical and electronic properties erl?utert.Atomic clusters have significant effects on the electronic properties of the alloy films."

If researchers can learn to control, said the formation of this pile materials could build more efficient at converting light and heat into electricity, Goldman.

"The availability of more efficient Thermoelectrics about practical to generate power from waste heat, for example, produced engines power stations and car" Goldman said.

This research is in physical review b online published. the paper is entitled "nitrogen composition depending on electron effective mass in gallium arsenide nitride."

This research is funded by the National Science Foundation for solar and thermal funded Science Foundation Ireland and the Centre energy conversion, an energy Frontier Research Center by the U.S. Department of energy.

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The above story is made of materials from the University of Michigan reprinted provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff).

Journal reference:

T. Dannecker, y. Jin, H. CHENG, C. Gorman, j. Buckeridge, C. Uher, S. Fahy, C. Kurdak, R. Goldman.Nitrogen composition dependence of the electron effective mass in GaAs_ {1?x} N_ {X}.Physische review B, 2010; 82 (12): 125203 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.125203

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Then regular solar energy: antenna made carbon nanotubes could make solar cells more efficient

ScienceDaily (Sept. 13, 2010) - with carbon nanotubes (hollow tubes carbon atoms), more than one regular photovoltaic cell found with chemical engineers, to concentrate solar energy 100 times a way. Make such nanotubes could antennas that capture and could potentially allow light energy to focus much smaller and more powerful solar arrays.

Rather than your whole roof a photovoltaic cell, could little spots must you tiny photovoltaic cells, with antennas the photons in you were, would go, says Michael Strano, Charles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of chemical engineering and Director of the research team.

Strano and his students describe their new carbon nanotube antenna or "solar funnel," in the Sept. 12 online issue of the journal nature are Materials.Lead authors of the paper postdoctoral associate Jae-Hee Han and graduate student Geraldine Paulus.

Your new antennas may be also useful required goggles or telescopes for another application that focuses light, such as night vision.

Solar panels generate electricity by photons (packets of light energy) in electric current transform. Strano's nanotube antenna increases the number of photons can be captured and turned the light into energy, which be channelled in a solar cell.

The antenna consists of a fibrous rope 10 microns (1,000,000th meters) long and four microns thick, with about 30 million - carbon - nanotubes. Strano's team built, for the first time made a fiber from two layers of nanotubes with different electrical property-specifically, various Bandgaps.

Electrons at different energy levels can exist in any material. When a photon hits the surface, it attracts an electron to a higher energy level, which is specific to the material. The interaction between the energized electron and hole leaves it means an exciton and the difference in energy levels between the hole and the electron is known as the energy gap.

The inner layer of the antenna contains nanotubes with a small energy ratio and nanotubes in the outer layer have a higher energy pitch.This is important, because Exzitonenbildung like flow of high to low energy. In this case means that the Exzitonenbildung in the outer layer River on the inner level where they can be present in a lower (but still excited) power state.

Therefore, if strikes, light energy material are all in the middle of fiber where you focused the Exzitonenbildung.Strano and his team have not built yet a photovoltaic device with the antenna, but you want.In such a device, the antenna would focus photons before the photovoltaic cell could in an electric current konvertiert.Dies from the antenna to create a core of semiconducting material.

The interface between the semiconductor and the nanotubes would the electron from the hole with electrons at an electrode touching the inner semiconductor collected and the nanotubes trennen.Dieses covered holes that touch on an electrode system would then electricity animations.the materials for the electrode, according to the researchers would depend on the efficiency of a solar cell.

Strano's team is the first to construct nanotube fibres in which you can control the properties of the different layers, an achievement, made possible by recent advances in the separation of nanotubes with different properties.

While the cost of carbon nanotubes was once prohibitive, it has in recent years down been build as their production companies."" Sometime in the near future, probably for a few pennies per pound, carbon nanotubes are sold how polymers are sold,"says Strano.""With these costs, which in addition could be negligible costs of the cell to a solar cell compared to manufacturing and raw material, as coatings and polymer components are small components of the costs of a photovoltaic cell."

Strano's team now works on ways to minimize the energy lost as Exzitonenbildung flow through the fiber and opportunities, more than an Exciton per photon to generieren.Die nanotube bundle that lose material paper described around in the nature 13 percent of the energy you record, but the team is working on new antennas that would lose only 1 percent.

Funding: Career award of the National Science Foundation, MIT Sloan fellow, MIT DuPont Alliance and the Korea Research Foundation.

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The above story is from materials available provided by Massachusetts Institute of technology (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff) abgedruckt.Der original article was written by Anne Trafton, MIT News Office.

Journal reference:

Jae-Hee Han, Geraldine L. C. Paulus, Ryuichiro Maruyama, Daniel A. Heller, Woo-Jae Kim, Paul W. barons, Chang young Lee, Jong Hyun Choi, Moon Ho ham, Changsik song, C. Fantini, Michael S. Strano.Exciton antennas and concentrators core-shell and corrugated board carbon nanotube filaments of homogeneous composition.Natur materials, 2010; DOI: online nmat2832

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Towards Nanowires solar cells with a 65 percent efficiency

ScienceDaily (June 17, 2010)-Eindhoven University of technology (TU /) want that Explorer solar cells with an efficiency of more than 65 percent of nanotechnology to develop. This new solar cells can generate a significant amount of demand for electricity in southern Europe and North Africa. The Dutch Government reserves to EUR 1.2 million for research.

The current thin-film solar cells (type III/V) have an efficiency which is 40 percent, but are very expensive and can only as applied to satellite solar panels. Using mirror systems that focus thousand times you can provide now on Earth in a cost-effective manner. The TU / researchers expect that your nano-structured solar cells can achieve an efficiency of more than 65 per cent over ten years.Jos Haverkort: "When would that the Netherlands participate in time a commercial use of Nanowires solar cells there is a great urgency on Board now."The research is carried out together with Philips MiPlaza.

She think nano-technology, in combination with the use of concentrated sunlight through mirror systems, has the potential to the world with a cost price lower than 50 cents per watt peak guiding the most efficient system of solar cell. In comparison: for the present generation of solar cells this cost price is € 1.50 per watt peak.

Stacking Nanowires make it possible to stack a number of partial cell (junctions).This process each Subcell converts a color from sunlight optimally to Elektrizit?t.Der highest yield that is reported in a Nanowires solar cell 8.4 percent so far.Haverkort: "we expect that a protective shell to the nanowires is the decisive step towards the same efficiency with nanowires solar cells such as thin-film cells."Haverkort thinks that he will come to 65 percent efficiency at 5 to 10 intersections.

Scarcity of raw materials also also the researchers expect significant savings in production costs, can be made, because grow nanowires on cheap silicon substrate and which results in lower cost of ownership of the growth equipment grow. in addition is faster, the combination of mirror systems with nanotechnology imply an acceptable use of scarce and therefore expensive metals Gallium and Indium.

An agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, granted EUR 1.2 million to researchers of dr. Jos Haverkort, dr. Erik Bakkers en dr. Ir.Geert Verbong for your exploration of Nanowires Solarzellen.Es is your expectation that, in combination with mirror systems these solar cells can generate a significant part of European electricity demand in southern Europe and North Africa.

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U.S. CO ₂ emissions from coal could eliminate in 20 years, experts say

ScienceDaily (May 2, 2010) – the USA could complete carbon dioxide emissions from coal-electric Kraftwerke-- a decisive step for controlling global warming - 20 years using technology already exists or within a decade after a group of scientists, engineers and architects commercially available could be.

This is the conclusion of an article online, along with a news article on the subject in the American Chemical Society's semi-monthly journal environmental science & technology (ES & T) published. both are planned for the June print edition of the ES & t.

Pushker Kharecha and Kollegen--by the NASA Goddard Institute for space studies, Columbia University Earth Institute, the national renewable energy laboratory and 2030 Inc. / Architecture 2030--say that the global climate change problem is manageable only if the company quickly employs carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of coal in electrical power plants.

"The only practical way to a planet, the similar to the world of the nearby (today) to preserve with relatively stable coastlines and conservation of the species, it is rapidly, phase out coal emissions and prevent emissions from unconventional fossil fuels such as oil shale and tar sands" tell.

The authors describe this exit strategies possible box.you include the abolition of subsidies for fossil fuels; putting increasing prices on carbon emissions; substantial improvements of power transmission and the energy efficiency of homes, commercial buildings and equipment; replace coal with biomass, geothermal, wind, Sun and third-generation nuclear power; and after successful demonstration at commercial scales, deploying advanced (fourth generation) nuclear power plants; and carbon capture and storage on remaining coal plants.

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The above story is reprinted (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily personnel) of materials provided by the American Chemical Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Journal references:

Pushker A. Kharecha, Charles F. Carter, James E. Hansen and Edward Mazria.Options for near term use phaseout of CO2 emissions from coal in the United States .Environmental Science & Technology, 2010; DOI: 10.1021/es903884aKellyn bed.Can the U.S. phase out coal's greenhouse gas emissions by 2030?Environmental science & technology, 2010; DOI: 10.1021/es101320m

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Solar energy production makes good business sense for Governments, study finds

ScienceDaily (May 21, 2010) – Canadian and provincial governments could spend to build a large scale solar photovoltaic production system $ 2.4 billion and then give it away for free and earn a profit is still in the long run performed according to a financial analysis of Queens's University applied sustainability research group in Kingston, Canada.

Queen's University engineering professor Joshua Pearce led the students - published in the August issue of the scientific review all - should support surprised to discover the answer is an overwhelming even in extreme situations and feels Governments aggressively use this industry the financial opportunity to find out whether it was economic sense for Governments to support the production of solar cells in Canada macht.Er.

"This study used hard financial Zahlen.Alles, what we have done is transparent and all our equations are in the study," says Professor Pearce. "Clear and massive costs outweigh the benefits which manufacture in Canada are encouraging solar."

The report saw six different scenarios: everything from building a plant and it give away or more traditional and less costly credit guarantees or taxes to sell holidays for a company of the private sector, to construct the plant. In all scenarios both federal and provincial governments positive cash flows in less than 12 years enjoyed in many of the scenarios both Governments earned well over one and eight percent return on investment of hundreds of millions to $ 2.4 billion to go.

Revenue for the Governments of nearly $ 500 million per year, were determined by taxation (personal, corporate and sales), sale of panels, and health, environmental and economic costs settled saved-fired electricity coal.

Queen's study began last summer, before the Government of Ontario announced a 7 billion - dollar - makes - production and manufacturing in January deal with Samsung.Professor Pearce says Canadians are the winners, but some criticism of the business.

"" Canada will really make up, when Samsung comes through with what you said go to tun.Wir gave you a little incentive and Samsung give us a lot of jobs, less pollution and a long term essential Einnahmequelle.Wir are absolutely currently winning on this Deal--there is no question, ", says Professor Pearce.The market is much larger than the Samsung business."The question is now how to bring more photovoltaic manufacturer to the province."

The energy policy report co-authored by Queen's student Kadra Branker, studied the financial implications in Ontario, but Professor Pearce says the numbers can apply to all provinces in Canada.

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The above story is from materials from Queen's University reprinted provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff).

Journal reference:

K. Branker, j. m. Pearce.Financial return for Government to support the large-scale thin-film solar photovoltaic production in Canada. energy policy, 2010; 38 (8): 4291 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.058

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Solar power in Ontario could produce almost as much power as all U.S. nuclear reactors, to find the studies

ScienceDaily (Apr. 16, 2010)-solar energy in South-Eastern Ontario has the potential to almost the same amount of power as to produce all the nuclear reactors in the United States, two studies under the authority of the Queens's University applied sustainability research group based in Kingston, Canada.

These studies led by Queen's mechanical engineering professor Joshua Pearce, are solar energy potential.Professor Pearce first explore of the region was surprised how many gigawatt could be produced.

"We came up with enormous numbers and we were conservative.""There about 95 gigawatt potential performance in Southeastern Ontario-only that it shows massive potential", says Professor Pearce, solar photovoltaic materials and applied sustainability.

Computer urban discovered environment and systems, which accepts a study for publication in the journal, orientation and shades that if roof tops in Southeastern Ontario with solar panels covered option, you produce five gigawatt or around five per cent of Ontario's energy konnte.In of study were umbrella in account.

"To put this in perspective, all the coal plants in all Ontario produce well six gigawatt."The sun always seems not so if you could teach solar power with other renewable energy sources such as wind, hydropower and biomass, Southeastern Ontario easily cover its own energy needs, ", says Professor Pearce.

A second study, solar energy, considered country in Southeastern Ontario, used for solar farms released in may issue of the journal. could the study as a country with little economic value-barren, Rocky, not farmable areas in the vicinity of electrical Netze-and closed it has the potential to produce 90 gigawatts.

"Nuclear power for all of the USA is about 100 gigawatt.Wir produce 90 on barren land with only solar in this tiny region, so that we don't talk about small potatoes,"says Professor Pearce.""

The Professor studies led solid numbers offer decision makers on solar energy potential and possible solar Park find locations for developers.

Queen's civil engineering were also contribute to the studies students Lindsay Wiginton and mechanical engineering HA Nguyen student.

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Journal references:

L.k. Wiginton h.t Nguyen, j.m. Pearce.To quantify the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for regional renewable energy policy. computers, environment and urban systems, 2010; DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.01.001H.T.Nguyen, j.m Pearce.Estimating potential photovoltaic r.sun yield and the open source geographical resources analysis support system.Solar Energy 2010; 84 (5): 831 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.02.009

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Self-cleaning technology from Mars can keep terrestrial solar cells dust free.

ScienceDaily (Aug. 23, 2010)-find dusting these tables and chests of drawers, a chore or a hole? Dread wash the window? Imagine from dust and dirt from the objects abstain extends over an area of 25 to 50 football pitches. Thats the problem with looking at companies, to implement the great solar systems and scientists now have a solution development-self-dusting solar panels ? basis for space missions to Mars developed technology presented.

In a report on the 240th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) on August 22 as described a self-cleaning coating on the surface of the solar cells increase the efficiency of electricity from sunlight and maintenance costs might be for large-scale solar systems to reduce.

"" We think our self-cleaning panels, often in areas of high dust and particulate pollutant concentrations benefit solar energy high systems issue, "said study leader Malay k. Mazumder, Ph.d.."Our technology can be used in both small and large - scale photovoltaic plants. "To our knowledge this is the only technology for automatic dust to purify the water or mechanical movement requires."

Mazumder which is with Boston University, said the need for this technology with the growing popularity of solar energy. Use of solar or photovoltaic, increased panels by 50 percent from 2003 to 2008 and forecasts suggest an increase by at least 25 percent annually in the future. Growth, he said, is the emphasis on alternative energy sources and company-wide concerns about sustainability with resources today in ways that threaten not the ability of future generations, to satisfy your needs).

Large-scale solar systems already exist in the USA, Spain, Germany, the Middle East, Australia and India. These systems usually reside in the sun-drenched desert areas where to sweep dry weather and wind, dust in the air and deposit it on the surface of the solar panel.Just like dirt on a budget Windows produced, that reduces the electricity enter the business part of the solar panel, reduce dust amount of light. clean water tends to scarce in these areas, so that it is expensive, the solar panels to clean.

"" A dust layer of a seventh one ounce per square yard solar power conversion 40 percent reduced", explains Mazumder."In Arizona, dust every month at about 4 times that amount deposited is."Deposition rates even higher in the Middle East, Australia and India."

"Working with NASA, Mazumder and colleagues first developed the self-cleaning solar panel technology for use in lunar and Mars missions."Mars is of course a dusty and dry environment, "Said Mazumder" and solar panels turn Rovers and future occupied and robotic missions must not succumb to dust deposition."But should neither the solar panels here on Earth."

Self-cleaning technology includes a transparent, electrically sensitive material deposition on glass or transparent plastic sheet over the panels hinterlegt.Sensoren monitor dust on the surface of the window and energize the material if dust is a critical level erreicht.Die electrical charge sends a dust prevention wave cascade over the surface of the material lift away dust and transport it from the edges of the screen.

Mazumder said that two minutes, the process about deposited 90 percent of the dust on a solar panel away and only a small amount of electricity generation by the Panel requires for cleaning operations.

"The current size of the market for solar panels is approximately $ 24 billion Mazumder said.""Less than 0.04% of global energy production is derived from solar panels, but if only four percent of the deserts of the world solar energy harvest were dedicated, our energy cover could be fully met self-cleaning weltweit.Dieser technology can play an important role."

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Solar energy: cheaper solar concentrator with fewer photovoltaic cells

ScienceDaily (Apr. 22, 2010) - a new solar concentrator design from a Ph.d student of electrical engineering at the University of California, San Diego could solar concentrators, less expensive and require fewer photovoltaic cells than existing solar concentrators. The graduate student, Jason Karp and his colleagues at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering presented the new solar concentrator in a paper in the January 2010 issue of the magazine Optics Express.

While engineers have developed already high efficiency of solar concentrators, the Sun focus optics to integrate hundreds of times and can deliver the power of the rigid solar panels twice the new design offers potential new benefits. Existing solar concentrator systems use typically arrays of single lenses to concentrate, which all must be aligned and bonded directly on independent photovoltaic cells.On the other hand the new solar concentrator collects on the sunlight with thousands of small lenses, a common sheet aufgedruckt.Alle this lenses couple in an apartment "Waveguide" light on a single photovoltaic cell funnel.

Karp built a working prototype with only two primary optical components which materials, alignment and mounting. This solar concentrator is compatible with high-volume, low cost production.

Karp "Is the real reason that we try this type of concentrator, certainly for costs," said in an interview after winning best poster at the research Expo 2010 UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.Karp declared that its design the cost of the optical system, the the entire system associated minimiert.Ein building look very cheap trail engineers to existing production techniques. The new solar concentrator is compatible with existing role-to role processing techniques, large TV involved production.

Karp designed and built by prototypes for the new solar concentrator in the Photonic systems integration Laboratory headed by Professor Joseph Ford electrical engineering from UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering.

April 15 won Karp and his solar concentrator 2010 Rudee research Expo outstanding poster award at 29th annual research Expo at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering.The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the California Energy (CEC) provided some funding for this research.

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The above story is made of materials by the University of California - San Diego, provided through EurekAlert fulù (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff)!, a service of AAAS.

Journal reference:

Karp et al. Planar micro optics - solar concentrator .Optik Express, 2010; 18 (2): 1122 DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.001122

Note: If no author is specified, instead cites the source.

View the original article here

Sunlight with cool factor

ScienceDaily (May 6, 2010)-Although it sounds like a contradiction in terms, with the power of the Sun for refrigeration is an original energy concept. Fraunhofer researchers use solar energy in Tunisia and Morocco perishable foods like milk to keep fresh wine and fruit.

"Cooled by sunlight"-we could a Ecostatement as follows to see printed on food packaging in the coming years. Solar energy is already to power air-conditioning systems in buildings used, but now researchers also fruit and other perishable foods that want to do with the energy from the Sun in the refrigerator. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for solar energy systems ISE in Freiburg demonstrate that this is a winery in Tunisia in the Mediterranean region, the examples and one dairy in Morocco.Were in the MEDISCO project (short for Mediterranean food and agro industry applications solar cooling technologies) solar systems for Kühl-, milk and wine in collaboration with universities, energy agencies and European companies only.the project of the European Commission financed by the Polytechnic University of Milan run.

Our method "is suitable especially for countries with many days of sunshine and in remote areas where no lack of water and not existent or unreliable Energiequellen.Es conventional means of refrigeration is environmentally friendly and reduces the use of expensive electricity for conventional refrigerators to a minimum", explains Dr. Tomas Nu?ez, scientists at ISE, listing the system advantages. "Cooling is always available when the Sun is shining, which means that it is generated at times when demand is highest."

Scientists have installed concentrating collectors to head the sunlight onto an absorber of a reflector. This makes it possible to convert the solar radiation in hot water with a temperature of 200 degrees."This extreme water temperature is machine for the external temperatures prevailing to drive there required absorption cooling."We use no electricity to provide cooling, we use heat.The result is the same in both cases: refrigeration in form of cold water oder-- in our case - a water-glycol mixture, "explains N??ez. how the absorption cooling machine produced temperatures of 0 degrees, the experts use the mix, to water from freezing to verhindern.Die water glycol solution is collected in cold accumulators and pumped through a heat exchanger, which cools the milk."We a slightly different system for wine with the refrigerant flows through winding tubes in the tanks, N??ez says.

Story source:

The above story is made of materials, the Fraunhofer - Gesellschaft available printed provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff).

Note: If no author is specified, instead cites the source.

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Viruses used to split water: biologically based system taps the power of sunlight directly

ScienceDaily (Apr. 12, 2010) - a team of MIT researchers has found a new way to mimic the process, with the plants the power of sunlight use water and chemical fuel parts, switch your growth. The team uses a modified virus as a kind of biological framework that can put together a molecule of water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms to share nanoscale components necessary.

Division of water is a way to solve the problem of solar energy: it is available only if the Sun sunlight to hydrogen from water scheint.Mit make hydrogen then saved and can be used at any time and to electricity to make using a fuel cell, or liquid fuels (or directly use) for cars and trucks.

Other researchers have made systems electricity share the water molecules can be provided by solar cells, but the new biologically based system skips the intermediate steps and sunlight used, the response directly to makes.Progress will be published in a paper on 11. described in nature nanotechnology.

The team led by Angela Belcher, Germeshausen Professor of materials science and engineering and biological engineering, developed a common, harmless bacterial virus M13 called so that it would attract and retain with molecules catalyst (the team uses Iridium oxide) and biological pigment (zinc protoporphyrin IX). The virus was wire-related devices could efficiently share oxygen from water molecules.

Over the years however, the virus wires together would lump and lose its effectiveness, so the researchers added an additional step: encapsulated in a Microgel matrix to hold managed to its uniform layout and its stability and efficiency.

While hydrogen from water won is the gas that would be used, such as fuel, separating of oxygen from water Belcher explains the more technically demanding "half-reaction" in the process, so your team on this part konzentriert.Pflanzen and cyanobacteria (also known as blue - green algae), says "Photosynthetic systems for the efficient oxidation of water have developed highly organized."Other researchers have tried structural stability problems have photosynthetic parts of plants, which use directly for the use of sunlight, but can these materials.

Belcher decided that instead of borrowing the plant components, your methods would leihen.In plant cells are natural pigments uses sunlight to absorb during catalysts, promote the water splitting reaction. This is the process Belcher and decided that mimic your team including PhD candidate Yoon Sung Nam, the lead author of the new paper.

"In the team system viruses Belcher just do as a kind of scaffolding, caused pigments and catalysts to line up with the correct distance to the water splitting reaction trigger. the role of pigments is"which act as antenna, the light", explains" and energy over the entire length of the virus as a Draht.Der then transmitted virus is a very efficient Harvester light, attached with these protoporphyrin IX.

"" "We use components that people have used before,"She adds", but we use biology, to organize you for us to ensure better efficiency."

Using the virus, the system itself put together to make oxygen production fourfold efficiency improved, says Nam.Die researchers hope, a similar biologically based system run the other half of the process, the production of hydrogen to finden.derzeit the hydrogen atoms from the water retained in your component protons and electrons divided, a second part of the system, now developed, this back into the hydrogen atoms and molecules would kombinieren.Das team is also looking for a more daily, less expensive material for the catalyst used relatively rare and expensive Iridium to replace this proof of concept study.

Thomas Mallouk DuPont Professor of materials chemistry and physics involved Pennsylvania State University, which don't work, saying "This is a very clever work, one of the most difficult problems in artificial photosynthesis, namely to control the nanoscale organization of components to electrons transfer prices."

He adds: "It's a difficult combination of problems before they be solved or any other artificial photosynthetic system could be actually useful for energy conversion.""To be cost competitive with other approaches to solar energy, he says, the system location that repeat response to a billion times and less expensive materials to use would have to at least 10 times more efficient than natural photosynthesis in.""" This is unlikely, that in the near future happen ", he says.""Nevertheless, the design idea that illustrated in this paper helped end an important piece of the puzzle."

Belcher is not even speculation about how long it may take to develop this into a commercial product, but says that two years you expected to have, a device of prototype that can perform the entire process of splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen, using a self-sustaining and durable system.

Financing was Italian energy company ENI, provided by the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) by it.

Story source:

The above story is from materials available provided by Massachusetts Institute of technology (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff) abgedruckt.Der original article was written by David L. Chandler, MIT News Office.

Journal reference:

Yoon Sung Nam, Andrew p. Magyar, Daeyeon Lee, Jin Woong Kim, Dong soo Yun, Heechul Park, Thomas S. Pollom Jr., David A. Weitz and Angela M. Belcher.Water oxidation driven organically on templates based photo catalytic nanostructures for sustainable light .Natur nanotechnology, April 11, 2010 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.57

Note: If no author is specified, instead cites the source.

View the original article here

What is a green energy?

Like green energy sounds comic book hero, that mean it? of course not. It can save hundreds or thousands utility bill is actually way. It is much easier than is considered.
Today, none of the two most common forms that can be played is contaminated green energy solar power and wind energy. This alternative will be the benefits for the community.

More people between the two is you know solar power. See solar panels on the roof of the decades. Solar panels is a way to convert electrical captures the energy of the Sun. Is the electric, store or use.

Solar panels are completely green and to the pollution of the environment. So you don't have to worry about missing is a sunlight-renewable energy sources.

Captures the wind power, wind turbines, numerous windmills in looks. The turbine of these transforms, can store electrical energy for later use.

Is small for home technology, turbine on the turbine, the last few years the long way to go, what became better and in your backyard or, on the roof of the advanced to the point you can install the turbine.
Build your own turbine takes it over $ 600 to buy, so is the best option. You can buy at local hardware stores and available documentation shows how to use the regular household tools today is to create your own wind turbine quickly and easily, using the material.
This option takes only about $ 200, so it only per month or take to recoup the investment in your two most people the feeling of many.

Use the energy of green if you selected a combination of solar power, wind power, or both really is, not a problem, save the planet to save their money to the important is that you take full advantage of current technology.

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Why use green energy doesn't mean what you do.

Green goes to or might have heard. Didn't the people right?? green go (or green energy and green power), is about the use of not polluting the environment, and environment-friendly power. The best part of the use of green energy is you can save money too. Wind and solar energy is the most common cause of green energy. Also the easiest alternative power use as the source of our House.

By using the solar wind energy to your home, how many there. Form of solar energy the most commonly used in solar panels, to your home or can be mounted on the roof of an empty in your garden area with is. You can supplement your House, winter heating to passive solar heating. Is the most important part of the use of solar energy, photovoltaic power generation system energy generated so much sunlight during the day reception area need there is.

, And then build a windmill is the best way to take advantage of wind power is also around the House if less empty enough space or your placement, roof on it. Wind power generator is a simple device that can be used by anyone. To generate electricity for their own use bonus of renewable energy, coal or oil, and sources in your ???? and brought virtually no maintenance cost is the place.

Is that how to build a $ 250 best part of using simple methods of alternative energy is less than for more information on the Internet, your expensive one to buy commercially rather easy to find. Easy to find a decent Guide to view the build process.

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Solar Panel-green renewable energy

Wandering how green renewable energy work, and then started where I get it. Learnt and I is the best way to save money on energy homemade solar panels so I decided to explain how to build a solar panel. If those ($ 5,000) to large price ($ 300) that if you buy yourself you want to make very little cost of solar panels. I said that I was able to save my money can generate a very small amount of energy solar panel to many people, but only where my solar panels installed on the roof of truth is not.

I know how to build a solar panel was new part-time jobs, green energy work. Solar panels or know how to build both the can to please a lot of people some good money. Installation of solar panels is very simple, it can do in a few hours. Is this stuff to buy very expensive is the best way to get a cheap solar panels as mentioned already,. The best part of it, I great income from this source is. Great for it own energy generation, home is the value to get. Homemade solar panels to the local hardware store is required, on the Internet.

You should start saving money. To increase the value of your home if solar panels are installed a better life, more money, and conserve energy in your home, you can begin. Is the optimum benefits to save 4700 dollars more if you buy one your own solar panels, rather, solar panel costs. All know this was the beginning of a better life for me.

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Such as these, difficult for everyone. All more expensive enabled. Pollution is not the sneak in our backyard. But we are sad or? none! this is a time of new innovations and new thinking. Your dreams and the problem is similar to me? Read further and I will tell you how to win the battle of green!

1. Brief description green (alternate) energy.
2. The most important aspects and detailed summary
3. You can how affected by green living description
Use the short 4 Guide green energy.

1. What is the green energy?

Question for many people. So really what is it? alone our energy Green do not, we know "green" way to get it. Is a green-friendly natural stands. You can find information about the type of green energy all around, you are my most perspective about the one-will tell you the energy of the Sun. Directly coming from the Sun ???? perspective is! "we have about 5 billion prior to Sun fuel,!", to build a homemade solar panel scientists say so I think this is very much a! solar energy found in most reliable type of energy, solar energy maps on the Internet and predicts possible energy income from the Sun. Homemade solar or wind generator to build this out to grab some more. Sky is the limit!

2. The most important detail!

You need to realize the potential of green energy. Will keep you motivated to produce more energy. Depends on the energy Green in 2030, say some sources that the Earth will be 80%. It is not so far. Today, and build a future with more energy independent also started to sell electric company no longer electrical! the only one who sets the limit you! delivers maps of solar research, on the Internet, you can start creating a plan of action on how to go green!

3. The benefits for you.

Everyone in the clean, Green Park is like. River in blue, pure water. Blue sky and green grass. I made a picture of the dream? No! this is the future of green living! grid electricity system to complete your House and home-grown vegetables. Sounds great-is great! we are making kill the natural pollution,! system you are using only 20 ~ 40% effective! portion of all that is missing is good waste pollution! ', and 100% homemade solar will say you are a valid? ' and maybe I think from a point source of energy pollution, but I is still clean. Compare the fossil fuel to the Sun. Should say? there enough benefits to raise green energy. OK compared to other homemade solar thermal power station, it is good.

4. How you can start use of solar energy?

Is used in electricity production, and heated solar energy you think it is that it is not difficult. So will have to start what's electric (or heated water)-generates a Sun and homemade solar panels (solar water heater). The Sun-we have it. Solar cell-easy to wonderful and easy to install! inexpensive to maintain eye appealing! it is difficult to choose between the solar energy and energy generation thermal power station is not. Our Sun has grown for centuries! does not change the year 1, it is. How to create a homemade solar cells solar energy potential, and providing it is easy and fun!

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Energy-how and why of green

Why green energy.

Is not such a desperate need clean and environmentally friendly, cost-effective energy. More recent Bay oil spill, global warming, oil, financial and environmental costs of failure converts coal and other fossil fuels in our homes and corporate green energy to real priorities. To deal with these problems we need and why this problem and how to move an alternate or green energy to proceed.

Damage to writing as can generate energy green energy environment is
Effect or by-products. It is energy independent of traditional energy sources, such as alternative energy use wood, oil, gas, coal or nuclear materials. Such of emphasize the renewable energy source of green or alternative energy, solar and wind power. Solar power solar and wind power to all around us-in not dependent time completely, oil, gas and coal resources. Generate a by-product harmful to the environment associated with use of original fossil and nuclear fuels, wind power, solar.

Related to the use of conventional fossil fuels is another major reason top priority to the green or alternative energy is high financial cost. And approaching $ 100 barrel or more gasoline vehicles and fuels record levels our House to heat oil costs force current oil prices, in continuous dependency of pure financial cost of fossil fuel giant. In addition to very real fossil fuel and-costs and a high proportion of the oil from the overseas import and our country, as a person of foreign Governments and their leaders on a whim is a hostage.

How to green energy

Take the green energy on two major forms.
1) And energy needed to power our cars, trucks and other transportation
2) Heating power, energy, the cool our homes, businesses, schools, and other buildings.

Said often, but made it about green energy transportation options. Also, on the availability of the "green car" is our car still very heavy on non-renewable fuel sources are. If there is the reliance on fossil fuels we significantly reduce the automaker relies heavily on please.

Made some progress in the area of green energy in our homes, businesses and other buildings. Many companies, schools, and other business now consider the option of both cost and energy-saving and alternative energy experiment. Used as a power source in many parts of the country's wind turbine power is now critical. The cost of the experiments, such as how to reduce fuel cell energy in the wind, and see the Sun business continuity as source.

Homeowners are installed on a commercial alternative energy is beyond most of the options very expensive finance. However, do-it-yourself solar energy, increases the conversion options to the House of the wind energy green energy. Real asset is around how to do your own green energy conversion availability and low-cost materials and detailed instructions. In order to generate cost savings, large energy while doing the environment a favor alternative energy conversion, consider your home.

DeWayne bridge is student centered solar home do-it-yourself alternative energy technologies.

Under the top-level alternative energy guide can review his, and his website or blog, make sure add solar energy posts.

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DIY green energy Guide to select the right solar panels and wind turbines Web site-

"Going green" in almost all in the men's minds today. Many of us to help the revolution of all joining the Board, that is. Start the flight of many processes, and doing a little by little, and others has begun. Regardless of the position which step is study the key to success. "So you've heard ago, most of us knowledge is power"going green"If literally force, or talk with minimum with us from anywhere.

Internet absolutely impact advertisements about the company and the green revolution. While many of these companies is very safe, and really other single movement to leverage the mother earth to steps are explained. Solar lighting to sell literally hundreds or thousands of "green" products, rain collection barrels of passages from finding all. This article describes your own solar panels and wind turbines to continue. Past power from the system for several years in the industry for some progress in actually own build system, and literally your complete home never valid power company once again pay, these are very cheap now. Capabilities to build these advancements and low-cost system for the Internet website of the boom in practice been promoted.

These green energy Web site books and personal these guide teach you how to build the power system itself to providing Green DIY movement that is capitalizing. Notify the mostly your own solar panels and wind turbines to build under $ 200. You can search sites and Google performs search solar panels alone, DIY Solar Panel also alone in providing hundreds of these guides. Overwhelmingly to weed through them really many, that will be. We are giving way to choose what's right about some pointers.

Literally, scan and read dozens of these green energy website. We found most of them was packaged into the vibrant colors of different packages, offering the same information. Every website is selling to what is known as the e-book. This will usually be downloaded from their website in.PDF format, the e-book. Trust, and these sites probably buy from your guide to might look when evaluating a few things.

-Is to provide money to find the most important return probably first. They provide a risk-free guarantee? Determine whether or not to verify that it doesn't matter, read the fine print.
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You have seen the appearance of the site, copies of all other sites like-or?.
-Or you can show off technically made my video and audio to hear?

Is the number of items that can be used to verify the site looking at the effectiveness of these. Is there one review site site has taken by offering reviews of 6 at the beginning of the guess work almost MySolarReview.com equation of DIY green energy.

Do a little research before deciding DIY site simply to buy from your guide to make sure. Determine whether or not in the selection, as many possible money providing information. Check site that some to help make your decision.

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Green energy diy-how to create your own green energy

Green go planet alone will save. People around the world thousands of green go really money savings also provide meaningful. At home you can create a new DIY Kit build own green power generators and green energy and some amazing.

Know about of course we are all to buy them how expensive and solar panels. Even though the Panel of the online auction site to find a second hand still Panel 2-300 should obtain at a fixed cost if you have tried them of following additional maintenance costs and work you don't not to pay for the remainder of the $ installing what is expensive.

You do not need to first experience of solar panels. Only a rudimentary knowledge of DIY build your own solar panels home. Welding bit complicated, but otherwise is very easy system setup. Once you are constructing them how, together to create panels and solar panels, to the instruction manual of the number of restrictions and wind turbine online approximately $ 50 available know. All components costing more than $ 200 will be solar panels at home to build awesome home business, money and fully functional solar panel maintenance can be and is not to worry about the cost of installation only short weekend.

Is a cost-effective alternative wind turbines with less cost to build a very small DIY skills and necessary these little DIY experience. The cost is $ 100, my home wind turbines with a matter of time before and after.

Look at the new magnetic generators pioneers are taking, storm on the Internet should be. These amazing devices are a little more DIY experience, but you must have this energy is safe, clean, free, and then generate a magnet magic power through.

Our advice and resource site check information about alternative energy free http://www.SavingMoney-LivingGreen.com

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Green energy history

Believe when initiating the fire probably date of global warming green energy history of current environmental issues human glass and heating and cooking in the first use of the Sun to see the world in many centuries is difficult.

The primitive fire centuries ago we now understand, as the energy of sunlight and Green has gives birth to the class. Advanced, none green solar system development today is different from 100 years ago, quite.

Turn it into energy time about how to write modern green energy history dates as scientists and engineers of the mid 1800s back to light. However, the first design patent gets to run the motor made it until the French man named Auguste Mouchout practice these sentences actually into solar energy from.

1870'S named Willoughby Smith is a British man can be classified as first solar-to-many started elephant and experiment. However, has been using a mirror skyrocketing really, William Adams and his people. His two... He was able to 5 HP steam engine power, and is known as the power Tower ground breaking achievement is still used to this day.

We from the history of our solar energy what learning is as a whole despite the continuous advancement and solar energy, solar energy in a big way really off. You begin solar energy more, even though the backing of the Royal family at various points through Government and history. At one point, solar energy from non-renewable fuel back to the coal prices and great and good attention moved. But it really solar energy utilization in progress 1800's reliance on non-renewable fossil fuels some of the bad of environment idea was, and they are also back you fully understand the storage.

1950 When heat from Silicon light and the sun shone's create a chemical reaction when discovered that it was great products that can be used as a conductor of Bell Laboratories one big has been improving. Basically, solar cells was born. The discovery is a technology used to create today we know as the solar panels.

Atop the roof of the solar panels and wind turbins became part of the regular tourist attractions, the world. Indicates the history of our solar energy that we've come a long way indeed, so always more that can and do the world's largest asset use.

Do deserve the benefits so exactly what is green electricity going green? wind go green, green power energy, green power is also recently built is heard a lot about green energy. The environment in your wallet that correct? In the wave of green power, future. Do not miss! all this technology for some of his actions get describes. Now, from electric power companies become free! http://www.squidoo.com/GreenPowerEnergyandWind

Solar power in Ontario could produce almost as much power as all U.S. nuclear reactors, to find the studies

ScienceDaily (Apr. 16, 2010)-solar energy in South-Eastern Ontario has the potential to almost the same amount of power as to produce all the nuclear reactors in the United States, two studies under the authority of the Queens's University applied sustainability research group based in Kingston, Canada.

These studies led by Queen's mechanical engineering professor Joshua Pearce, are solar energy potential.Professor Pearce first explore of the region was surprised how many gigawatt could be produced.

"We came up with enormous numbers and we were conservative.""There about 95 gigawatt potential performance in Southeastern Ontario-only that it shows massive potential", says Professor Pearce, solar photovoltaic materials and applied sustainability.

Computer urban discovered environment and systems, which accepts a study for publication in the journal, orientation and shades that if roof tops in Southeastern Ontario with solar panels covered option, you produce five gigawatt or around five per cent of Ontario's energy konnte.In of study were umbrella in account.

"To put this in perspective, all the coal plants in all Ontario produce well six gigawatt."The sun always seems not so if you could teach solar power with other renewable energy sources such as wind, hydropower and biomass, Southeastern Ontario easily cover its own energy needs, ", says Professor Pearce.

A second study, solar energy, considered country in Southeastern Ontario, used for solar farms released in may issue of the journal. could the study as a country with little economic value-barren, Rocky, not farmable areas in the vicinity of electrical Netze-and closed it has the potential to produce 90 gigawatts.

"Nuclear power for all of the USA is about 100 gigawatt.Wir produce 90 on barren land with only solar in this tiny region, so that we don't talk about small potatoes,"says Professor Pearce.""

The Professor studies led solid numbers offer decision makers on solar energy potential and possible solar Park find locations for developers.

Queen's civil engineering were also contribute to the studies students Lindsay Wiginton and mechanical engineering HA Nguyen student.

Story source:

The above story is from materials from Queen's University reprinted provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff).

Journal references:

L.k. Wiginton h.t Nguyen, j.m. Pearce.To quantify the rooftop solar photovoltaic potential for regional renewable energy policy. computers, environment and urban systems, 2010; DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.01.001H.T.Nguyen, j.m Pearce.Estimating potential photovoltaic r.sun yield and the open source geographical resources analysis support system.Solar Energy 2010; 84 (5): 831 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2010.02.009

Note: If no author is specified, instead cites the source.

View the original article here

Solar energy production makes good business sense for Governments, study finds

ScienceDaily (May 21, 2010) – Canadian and provincial governments could spend to build a large scale solar photovoltaic production system $ 2.4 billion and then give it away for free and earn a profit is still in the long run performed according to a financial analysis of Queens's University applied sustainability research group in Kingston, Canada.

Queen's University engineering professor Joshua Pearce led the students - published in the August issue of the scientific review all - should support surprised to discover the answer is an overwhelming even in extreme situations and feels Governments aggressively use this industry the financial opportunity to find out whether it was economic sense for Governments to support the production of solar cells in Canada macht.Er.

"This study used hard financial Zahlen.Alles, what we have done is transparent and all our equations are in the study," says Professor Pearce. "Clear and massive costs outweigh the benefits which manufacture in Canada are encouraging solar."

The report saw six different scenarios: everything from building a plant and it give away or more traditional and less costly credit guarantees or taxes to sell holidays for a company of the private sector, to construct the plant. In all scenarios both federal and provincial governments positive cash flows in less than 12 years enjoyed in many of the scenarios both Governments earned well over one and eight percent return on investment of hundreds of millions to $ 2.4 billion to go.

Revenue for the Governments of nearly $ 500 million per year, were determined by taxation (personal, corporate and sales), sale of panels, and health, environmental and economic costs settled saved-fired electricity coal.

Queen's study began last summer, before the Government of Ontario announced a 7 billion - dollar - makes - production and manufacturing in January deal with Samsung.Professor Pearce says Canadians are the winners, but some criticism of the business.

"" Canada will really make up, when Samsung comes through with what you said go to tun.Wir gave you a little incentive and Samsung give us a lot of jobs, less pollution and a long term essential Einnahmequelle.Wir are absolutely currently winning on this Deal--there is no question, ", says Professor Pearce.The market is much larger than the Samsung business."The question is now how to bring more photovoltaic manufacturer to the province."

The energy policy report co-authored by Queen's student Kadra Branker, studied the financial implications in Ontario, but Professor Pearce says the numbers can apply to all provinces in Canada.

Story source:

The above story is from materials from Queen's University reprinted provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff).

Journal reference:

K. Branker, j. m. Pearce.Financial return for Government to support the large-scale thin-film solar photovoltaic production in Canada. energy policy, 2010; 38 (8): 4291 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.058

Note: If no author is specified, instead cites the source.

View the original article here

Solar energy: cheaper solar concentrator with fewer photovoltaic cells

ScienceDaily (Apr. 22, 2010) - a new solar concentrator design from a Ph.d student of electrical engineering at the University of California, San Diego could solar concentrators, less expensive and require fewer photovoltaic cells than existing solar concentrators. The graduate student, Jason Karp and his colleagues at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering presented the new solar concentrator in a paper in the January 2010 issue of the magazine Optics Express.

While engineers have developed already high efficiency of solar concentrators, the Sun focus optics to integrate hundreds of times and can deliver the power of the rigid solar panels twice the new design offers potential new benefits. Existing solar concentrator systems use typically arrays of single lenses to concentrate, which all must be aligned and bonded directly on independent photovoltaic cells.On the other hand the new solar concentrator collects on the sunlight with thousands of small lenses, a common sheet aufgedruckt.Alle this lenses couple in an apartment "Waveguide" light on a single photovoltaic cell funnel.

Karp built a working prototype with only two primary optical components which materials, alignment and mounting. This solar concentrator is compatible with high-volume, low cost production.

Karp "Is the real reason that we try this type of concentrator, certainly for costs," said in an interview after winning best poster at the research Expo 2010 UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering.Karp declared that its design the cost of the optical system, the the entire system associated minimiert.Ein building look very cheap trail engineers to existing production techniques. The new solar concentrator is compatible with existing role-to role processing techniques, large TV involved production.

Karp designed and built by prototypes for the new solar concentrator in the Photonic systems integration Laboratory headed by Professor Joseph Ford electrical engineering from UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering.

April 15 won Karp and his solar concentrator 2010 Rudee research Expo outstanding poster award at 29th annual research Expo at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of engineering.The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the California Energy (CEC) provided some funding for this research.

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The above story is made of materials by the University of California - San Diego, provided through EurekAlert fulù (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff)!, a service of AAAS.

Journal reference:

Karp et al. Planar micro optics - solar concentrator .Optik Express, 2010; 18 (2): 1122 DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.001122

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Solar panels can breeding aquatic insects... win, but scientists suggest a simple fix

ScienceDaily (28 May 2010)-solar energy may nature most plentiful and benign source of energy, but shiny dark solar cells can aquatic insects away from critical breeding lure areas, warn scientists from Michigan State University and colleagues.

The use of white grids or other methods to break the polarized reflection of light far less probably makes, however, mayflies and other aquatic insects, eggs on the panels who think that water, the Group discovered you deposit.

This research shows that solar panels are a strong new source of polarized light pollution, the ecological traps for many kinds of insects, created, says Bruce Robertson, researcher at the MSU Kellogg biological station in Hickory corners. "This is the important conservation importance given the radical expansion of solar energy and the strong negative impact of ecological traps on animal populations."

Nonpolarizing know grids, he adds, a novel approach to reduce the attractiveness of a false Habitat by applying what biologists call habitat fragmentation shows. This is usually harmful species an effect, but promises to solve a conservation problem in this case.

Robertson's team estimates that solar cells add white markings could reduce your ability to collect solar energy maybe 1.8 per cent depending on the Strip cover after distance.

Conventional solar cells share a problem with glass-clad buildings and other wide shiny dark surface-even vehicles.Polarized reflected sunlight or in a single, often horizontal plane that is as at least 300 species of insect aligned to the surface of the water see their eggs.

The species Caddis and mayflies error flies glossy dark surfaces for water, set for reproductive failure and are often easy targets for predators, Robertson and Naturschutz.lokalen colleagues mentioned in a recent online article in the magazine population collapse could a result with cascading effects on predators and other types of the food chain.

People recognize usually reflected sunlight as glare that Polarized Sunglasses, by filtering the horizontal waves by vertically polarized lenses surmounted.

Robertson his research in Hungary led scientists E?tv?s University in Budapest and Szent Istv?n University in Bremerhaven, Hungary zugeordnet.Ihre was work by the US Department of energy's Great Lakes bioenergy research center and the Hungarian Science Foundation supports.

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The above story is made of materials by the Michigan State University provided (with editorial adjustments of ScienceDaily staff) printed.

Journal reference:

G?bor Horv?th, Mikl?s Blaho, ?d?m Egri, Gy?rgy Kriska, Istv?n Seres, Bruce Robertson..Erhaltung of reduction of maladaptive attractiveness of solar panels, insects Polarotactic biology, 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01518.x

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Green energy forecasting the future 10 years "to keep the Green

We leak in the Gulf of Mexico, the pollution of our southern coast has a massive oil spill. We light our car, our home, our plane fly, heat and cool our home our office buildings, production, purchase and use fossil fuels more impossible to transport the goods. We will have amazing speed with these fuels, and finally to stop us. Do you need us to why,? we will going to fuel these runs cause, or to to to get expensive to perform these tasks and other is forced to find a source of fuel will. There is a need to devise a new energy sources in the last ten years, future offers. Prediction than renewable energy, "green energy" is initiated by using what is known.

Is the term commonly used to describe do not pollute the use is considered environmentally friendly green energy and energy. Examples of green energy, wind power, solar, geothermal heat power, hydro-electric power. Environment easier to not create more pollution and use of these energy sources as a green that is labeled and fully utilize them.

This is most often green energy from use ways to make electricity for consumers to use alternative sources of energy of the other power. Distribution using the electricity grid system uses large-scale wind power plants of wind turbines and wind energy, we now the course is in the upgrade. More geothermal heat process used to generate electricity using hydro-electric means to generate energy. All of these technologies will present today, and we must, and it can reduce the amount of pollution by destroyed now our planet, that you use to generate electricity.

Available for different types of green energy is the detail level of the individual. When to use us as individuals, our House is, alternative energy sources, the "green energy. "Efforts to convert system you can. Generating electricity from solar panels, solar, can be installed. You can install small wind turbines to produce the required electricity all often. Start trends as individuals, we, from non-renewable fuel renewable energy use to switch to, and that can lead the industry.

The energy-saving free report details about alternative here: http://www.reviewed-by-james.com, and green energy. Passionate about Jim Hess green energy and expert author is a green alternative energy conversion. On his website, see http://www.reviewed-by-james.com.

Environmental impact of organic solar cells that rated

ScienceDaily (Sept. 20, 2010)-solar energy could be a central alternative to petroleum-based energy production. Current solar cell technology often creates the same energy yield, and is more expensive to competitive. In addition, information about the overall impact of solar energy on the environment is incomplete, say experts.

To better understand the energy and the environmental benefits and disadvantages of solar power, has a team from Rochester Institute of technology one of the first life cycle analyses of organic solar cells durchgeführt.Die study found that embodied energy or the total energy which is less for organic solar cells, as compared to conventional inorganic devices required to machen-a product.

"This analysis it takes to an organic solar cell manufacture, has implications for both costs and environmental impact of technology, provides a comprehensive assessment of how much energy," says Brian Landi, Assistant Professor of chemical engineering at RIT and a faculty advisor to the project.

"Lead"organic solar cells are flexible and easily, and have the promise of low cost solution processing, benefits for manufacturing over previous generation technologies, may have to use mainly inorganic semiconductor materials"Annick Anctil, researcher on the study and a fourth year PhD student in RIT of doctoral studies in sustainability adds.""However, previous evaluations of energy and environmental impacts of the technology were incomplete and a more comprehensive analysis is required to assess the overall impact of the production and use."

The study attempts to calculate the total energy consumption and environmental impact of material collection, production, mass production and use organic solar cells by a comprehensive life cycle assessments of the technology.

Anctil had a component by component breakdown not have previous life cycle analyses, of any material that in an organic solar cell present or a calculation defines the total energy payback of the device as the energy from their use versus the energy required, produced around the cell production.

The team noted that compared to inorganic cells energy payback time for organic solar cells lag.Laufende studies to verify the device stability but warranting persist.

"The produced data helps assess designers and potential manufacturers use and improvement of technology and analysis of feasibility compared to other solar and alternative energy technologies," adds Landi.

The team presented the results at the Institute for electrical and electronics engineers 2010 photovoltaic specialists Conference.Anctil that award at the Conference for best research won hopes a student to analyse the environmental impact of solar cell development with additional life cycle analyses of other types of solar cell technology.

The study was funded by the United States Department of energy and researchers from RIT's Golisano Institute for sustainability and nano power research labs.

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How to watch the solar energy housing as a green energy solution

Solar energy is many people appreciate, with common themes. Residential solar energy recognizes our necessities that soon there are a lot of use of solar energy also accepted that the ???? when you are. If you especially one some money involved in saving to saving our planet. Residential solar power is a green energy solution inevitable!

And all for the lack of this gratitude hits the market of the majority of people will be taken of any residential solar power products. Displays the person in the light of the fraud and scams. That otherwise may bring these products they are good reference. "Bad DIY product of course some individuals to other users on the fraud and those hard earned cash to develop fraud". However for fraud as a matter of course while standing exercise diligence in some cases these problems you must!, rather than focusing on those of other people about them, not the good stuff and good really share to it is better to concentrate on.

Residential solar energy is now required in our lives. If the stop was prohibited from going solar energy Green myth because it is the time to do your homework. What only thanks to take Sun going one step can go a long way. First, reducing electricity to save some money this way. Second Green is a sure way to deal with this method and to control global warming.

Know that the much talked about the importance of going green residential solar power generation. Think it's more affordable to the average home owners some people more expensive in the residential solar power? Of these, yet to install solar power at home you think it's more expensive system probably is not to use clean energy to counter global warming for the citizens, aware to current trends by the Government. Out are enable to reduce the power Bill only to build your own system from scratch entrepreneurs and innovative companies motivated green energy enthusiast of solar products. DIY claimed that as mentioned above some people these scams and fraud into contempt. You can blast views people, mere opinion or personal! otherwise it can how residential solar energy for us and our world to that thanks to shadow.

Residential solar power in free video to see our site by http://www.gogreenresources.org/solar-energy-video learn how solar energy works.